https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8569360/

16] and breast cancer nHighlight:IFA revealed that both I3C and JSH-23 (data not shown) dramatically reduced viral infection in both cell typesnHighlight:targeting NF-κB activity by administering NF-κB inhibitors such as I3C may protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection at the cellular levelnHighlight:Mutations in the receptor recognition site on the S are of great concern for escaping immune surveillancenHighlight:inhibition of NF-κB can decrease the viral load by blocking viral replicationnHighlight: viral entry, replication, and egression are all mediated by NF-κBnHighlight:downregulation of NF-κB by I3C reduced cell migration (Figure 4B) and invasion (Figure 4C), suggesting that NF-κB activation is required for S (Gamma)-induced EMT phenotypenHighlight:hyperglycosylated S of Gamma variant is more stable, resulting in more significant epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) potentialnHighlight:Because EMT also increases cancer cell stemnessnHighlight:I3C is a relatively non-toxic natural compound [37] and effectively prevents transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by reducing NF-κB activity.nHighlight: NF-κB can also stabilize membrane receptor expression, enabling continuous ACE2 expression to support viral entrynHighlight:I3C is an active natural anticancer compound found in cruciferous vegetables. It stabilizes IκBα and retains NF-κB in the cytoplasmnHighlight:Glycosylation reduces immunogenicity that helps pathogens escape immune surveillance.nHighlight:Compared to the SARS-CoV-2 WT, the Gamma variant induced a stronger NF-κB activation, leading to a more aggressive cancerous phenotypenHighlight:promoted NF-κB signaling activationnHighlight:single-stranded RNA virus that encodes 15 non-structural proteins (nsp1-10 and nsp12-16) as well as four structural proteins, nucleocapsid (N), membrane protein (M), envelope (E), and spike (S), for virus replicationnHighlight:Snail expressionnHighlight:Pharmacologic inhibition of NF-κB activity by nature food compound, I3C suppressed viral replication and Gamma variant-mediated breast cancer metastasisnHighlight:mRNA expression levels of viral E protein, REL, NF-κB, and IL-6 were significantly reduced in SARS-CoV-2-infected MCF10A-ACE2 cells upon I3C treatmentnHighlight:Activation of NF-κB is a hallmark of viral infectionsnHighlight:These results suggest cancer patients with COVID-19 Gamma variant infection may experience a strong potential of cancer metastasis or recurrence.nHighlight: Our earlier results showed that an S of SARS-CoV-2 induces EMT through NF-κB signalingnSticky notes:Key statement; need to read.nHighlight:downregulation of NF-κB compromised S-mediated cancer stemnessnHighlight:spike (S) glycoprotein binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptornHighlight:NF-κB inhibition can reduce chronic disease in COVID-19 patientsnHighlight:NF-κB activation is critical for SARS-CoV-2 infectionnHighlight:indicating that I3C specifically reduces NF-κB signaling without affecting the type I IFN responsenHighlight:cleaved by serine protease TMPRSS2, resulting in SARS-CoV-2 virus entrynHighlight:viruses have evolved unique and sophisticated ability to modulate NF-κB signalingnHighlight:SARS-CoV-2 activates NF-κB and, in turn, triggers the pro-survival function for cancer progressionnHighlight:over a thousand SARS-CoV-2 variants were found worldwidenHighlight:Certain viruses, such as influenza A, HIV, or HSV-1, hijack the NF-κB signal to promote viral infection by enhancing viral replicationnSticky notes:Of course, HIV is a component of this virus.nHighlight:downstream targets of NF-κB include interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)nHighlight:research links breast cancer metastasis to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and we further identify I3C as one of the potent antiviral agents that can reduce S-mediated metastasisnHighlight:Gamma variant induces a stronger downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of N-cadherin and SNAILnHighlight:SARS-CoV-2 activates the NF-κB pathway, leading to up-regulation of inflammatory mediators such as TNFα and IL-6.nHighlight:Growing evidence suggests SARS-CoV-2 also exacerbates many chronic diseases, including cancers.nHighlight:inhibition of NF-κB by I3C can effectively reduce Gamma variant-mediated breast cancer metastasisnHighlight:Excessive NF-κBnHighlight:We observed p65 translocation from then]]>